“(在自然的演化过程中)能够生存下来的，不是那些最强壮的物种，也不是那些最聪明的物种，而是那些最能适应不断变化的环境的物种。”
"(in the course of the evolution of nature) to survive, not the strongest of the species, nor the most intelligent species, but those who are most able to adapt to the changing environment of the species."
― Leon C. Megginson
C. Megginson Leon
随着物联网(IoT)、可穿戴和便携式设备的发展，消费者开始厌倦杂乱的电缆和需要频繁充电的电池。无线充电的优势远远不止于摆脱线缆的束缚。当前市场上各种各样的近场、远场充电无线技术，其中包括感应式、谐振式、RF、超声及红外线充电，这些技术都需要遵循不同的标准，也需要不同程度的折中。随着人们对无线世界的向往，预计充电技术将出现急剧增长。
With the development of the Internet of things (IoT), wearable and portable devices, consumers are getting tired of the messy cables and the need for frequent charging of batteries. Wireless charging advantage is far more than to get rid of the shackles of the cable. Currently on the market a variety of near field and far field of wireless charging technology, including induction, resonant, RF, ultrasonic and infrared charge, these techniques are required to follow different standards also require different degrees of compromise. As people yearn for the wireless world, charging technology is expected to increase dramatically.
什么是无线充电?各项技术之间有何区别?我们首先从回答这些问题开始。
What is wireless charging? What is the difference between the various technologies? We begin by answering these questions.
许多人将无线充电简单理解为感应式或短距离谐振充电。尽管两者均为无线充电形式，但并不代表全部。“无线”意味着取消了电缆和适配器;而消费者真正想要的不但是摆脱电缆的束缚，而且要避免繁琐的操作，保持不间断的能源供给。
Many people will be wireless charging simply understood as inductive or short range resonant charging. Although both are in the form of wireless charging, but does not represent all. "Wireless" means to cancel the cable and adapter, and consumers really want not only to get rid of the shackles of the cable, but also to avoid the cumbersome operation, to maintain uninterrupted energy supply.
采用感应和谐振的近场方法不能满足消费者需求。无论是感应式还是谐振式充电，仅仅是用“放好”代替了“插好”，值得庆幸的是新技术的不断涌现，包括RF、超声、WiFi及红外等。
The near field method using induction and harmonic vibration can not meet the needs of consumers. Whether it is inductive or resonant charging, simply put good instead of the "plug", it is fortunate that new technologies are emerging, including RF, ultrasound, WiFi and infrared, etc..
永不断电听起来很棒，前景一片光明，但道路曲折，需要多个实体通力协作，建立电源链的金字塔。
Power never sounds great, a bright future, but the road twists and turns, the need for multiple entity collaboration, establish supply chain in Pyramid.
1. 设备制造商位于供应链金字塔的顶端，因为我们日常使用这些设备，而且处于面对用户体验的最前沿。其中包括各种品牌的手机、运动手表/健康手环、智能家居和汽车等。据报道英国已经发起了一项旨在建立“充电通道”的活动，以减少电动汽车电量耗尽的几率。Intel也有望在2017年发布无线笔记本电脑。Google及其他公司正在努力打造各种电动车无线充电系统。每家设备制造商都拥有自身的功率发送、接收器，例如充电垫和支架。设备制造商决定采用哪种充电方法，以优化其用户体验并保证回报最大化。
1 equipment manufacturers are located at the top of the supply chain in Pyramid, because we use these devices daily, but also in the face of the forefront of the user experience. Which includes a variety of brands of mobile phones, sports watches / health bracelet, smart home and car, etc.. It is reported that the UK has launched a campaign aimed at building a "charging channel" to reduce the risk of electric car runs out. Intel is also expected to release wireless laptops in 2017. Google and other companies are working hard to build a variety of electric vehicle wireless charging system. Each device manufacturer has its own power transmission, receiver, such as a charging pad and a bracket. Device makers decide which charging methods to use to optimize their user experience and maximize returns.
2. 金字塔的中段包括标准机构、技术推动者以及系统制造商。中间层对消费者是不可见的，但对于最终的成功和技术普及至关重要。这一层面临的首要风险是过时，因为新技术和方法不断推陈出新。
2 Pyramid's middle segment includes standard, technology, and system manufacturers. The middle layer is not visible to the consumer, but it is essential for the final success and the popularity of the technology. The primary risk facing this level is out of date, as new technologies and methods continue to emerge.
在过去十年间，已经建立了各种不同的充电标准，试图规范近场充电技术。Qi标准的推动者是无线充电共同体(WPC)(感应式：短距离单个设备);成立于2008年，目前自称有超过200家会员公司。其传输功率大约5W，足以满足智能手机要求。Rezence标准的推动者是A4WP (谐振充电：较大范围内的多设备充电)。PMA与Qi非常类似，区别在于工作频率。
In the past ten years, a variety of charging standards have been established, trying to regulate the near field charging technology. Qi standard promoter is a wireless charging community (WPC) (inductive: short-range single device); founded in 2008, currently claiming to have more than 200 members of the company. Its transmission power is about 5W, enough to meet the requirements of smart phones. Rezence standard promoter is A4WP (resonant charging: a large range of multi device charging). PMA and Qi are very similar, the difference is that the frequency of work.
充电标准定义设备之间的兼容性，按照Qi标准设计的充电垫无法为按照PMA规范设计的手机充电。每种标准都定义了线圈耦合类型、配置，以及无线设备的通信协议。为了适应采用不同充电标准的设备，基础设施公司就必须同时支持两者。
Charging standards for the definition of compatibility between devices, in accordance with the Qi standard design of the charging pad can not be designed in accordance with the PMA standard mobile phone charger. Each standard defines a coil coupling type, configuration, and a communication protocol for the wireless device. In order to adapt to the use of different charging standards of equipment, infrastructure companies must support both.
2015年6月，无线充电联盟(Alliance for Wireless Power，A4WP)和电源事务联盟(Power Matters Alliance，PMA)宣布战略性合并，震动了整个无线充电行业。2015年11月，合并后的新机构重新命名为AirFuel Alliance。这次合并是实现长期目标的重要一步：消费者无论走到哪里，无论是在饭店、汽车还是家中，设备充电将能实现互操作，非常便利。
In June 2015, the for Wireless Power Alliance (Alliance) and Power (A4WP) and PMA (Matters) announced a strategic merger, shaking the entire wireless charging industry. In November 2015, the merger of the new agency re named Alliance AirFuel. The merger is an important step in achieving long-term goals: consumers no matter where they go, whether it is in the hotel, car or home, the device will be able to achieve interoperability, very convenient.
RF、超声和红外技术已经涉足远场充电。无论基于何种技术，概念都类似，但具体的传感器技术不同：RF使用天线到天线，传输到变送器的光将光能转换为电能，而超声将超声波压力转换为电能。每种技术都有一定的局限性：超声和光不能穿透墙壁，RF功率随距离衰减严重。
RF, ultrasound and infrared technology has been involved in the far field charge. No matter what kind of technology based on the concept, are similar, but different sensor technology: RF antenna to antenna, transmission light transmitter to convert light energy into electrical energy, and ultrasonic ultrasonic pressure is converted to electrical energy. Each technology has certain limitations: ultrasound and light can not penetrate the wall, RF power with a serious distance decay.
所有这些技术的目的都集中地将功率透射到位于特定位置的耦合设备上，而不是在空间上均匀传播。这种定向透射可规避健康问题并提高传输效率。也正像近场充电一样，支持某种技术的接收器不能使用通过不同介质发送射束的功率发送器进行充电。基于RF的健康手表不能与超声功率发送器通信。
All of these techniques are focused on the transmission of power to a particular location on the coupling device, rather than in space. This kind of directional transmission can avoid the health problem and improve the transmission efficiency. As for the near field charging, the receiver cannot support a technology used by charging the power transmitter send beams of different media. Health watch based on RF can not communicate with ultrasonic power transmitter.
这些标准定义每种设备沟通所用的语言。尽管标准机构之间的竞争是好事，但需要将具体的应用合并，以保证互操作性。
These standards define the language used by each device. Although competition between the standard institutions is a good thing, but the need to merge the specific application to ensure interoperability.
技术推动者是设计和制造IC以及变送器，并将其提供给设备制造商的公司。Maxim Integrated等半导体公司提供专门用于近场无线充电的各种电源产品、方案。这些公司既具有创新性，同时也遵守充电标准设定的规范，并具有引领市场的能力。例如，Energous和Ossia正竭力通过RF电源IC来引领近场充电的趋势。
Technical facilitator is the design and manufacture of IC as well as the transmitter, and it is provided to the equipment manufacturers of the company. Integrated Maxim and other semiconductor companies to provide specialized in the near field of wireless charging a variety of power products, programs. These companies are both innovative, but also to comply with the norms set by the charging standard, and has the ability to lead the market. For example, Ossia and Energous are trying to lead the trend of near field charging through the RF power IC.
